To what extent did political tensions among Major Ridge, John Ross, and President Jackson affect the Cherokee Nation struggle against removal?
Final Project link
Annotated Bibliography: Bowes, John P. “The Treaty of New Echota and the Aftermath”Trail of Tears (2007): http://www.americanindainhistoryonline.com (date accessed July 24 2008) “Treaty of New Echota and the Aftermath” by John P. Bowes talks about one of the people that signed the treaty. He was the editor of the Cherokee paper which expressed its opinion on the tribes future. It describes one controversial agreement that created a division within the Cherokee Nation. Before the Indian Removal Act in the first and second decade of the 1800s those who supported relocation had already relocated themselves to the Arkansas Territory. When making the treaty people accused other people of not being pure Cherokee. When the treaty was ratified the people who signed it were not allowed because they were no longer in office no longer having any control.
This electronic source helped me with find more information of the treaty that made the Cherokee have to leave Georgia and other parts in the southeast to go to the Okalahoma Territory. The information that is talked about comes from other books and is included in this source. The author has taken the time to go through many different sources to write about the New Echota Treaty. The author’s standpoint is that he wants his people to rise from their ashes to become prosperous and happy again. The authors qualifications are that he knows what he is talking about because he is gathering his information from other sources. Information that I have found on the New Echota has similar information on the same thing as other information I have found in other sources but just goes into a little more detail.
Jack Leustig 500 Nations Producer Roberta Grossman. Tig Productions presents in association with RCS Films & TV and Majestic Films and Television InternationalThe segment that I watched talked about how the English tried to change the Indians and to follow the English way. It talked about how there was a gold rush in Georgia and people would illegally cross the border just for the gold and the U.S. government did not even stop them. Also talked about how Creek. Choctaw, Seminole, Chickasaw and the Cherokee were all forced out. Also when the deadline came up after the 2 years were up 16,000 Cherokee were brought into stockades where lots of Native Americans died.
This movie was a good source because it gives you a visual and gives a lot of information really quick. The information is accurate because I can cross-reference it and the information matches up with the other information that I have read. The quality of the source is good because they have taken ancestors from the trail of tears and they talked about it. Also what makes the quality good is that it includes important quotes. The authors point of view here is that the five major nations in the southeast were moved wrongfully. All of the information that I have found in this one source has checked out with my other sources even though it just gives the background and a little detail of the trail of tears.
Moulton, Gary E. "Major Ridge." 2000.http://www.anb.org (accessed July 24, 2008).
This source talks about where Major Ridge was born and what he did when he had children. He sent his children to an English missionary school to learn the English way. The article talks about how Major Ridge and other members signed the New Echota Treaty. The articles also talks about how they rose up against the Cherokee council and went to Washington and signed the treaty and then were later assassinated in 1839.
This source was easy only because it just gave the brief background of Major Ridge does not go into deep detail of his life. This is an accurate source because it tells you the different places where it got the information. This is a good quality source because it tells where the papers of Major Ridge are being held. Meaning if you wanted to look at them you could go to these places. The author is qualified because he takes the information from other sources and gives a brief summary of Major Ridge but gives credit to the sources used. The author’s clarity is very easy to read not many big words meaning words that you don’t understand and would have to take a dictionary out and look up the definition.
Perdue, Theda, and Michael D. Green. The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears. New York: Penguin Books, 2007.
In The Cherokee Nation and The Trail of Tears by Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green. The book contains two chapters titled Resisting Removal and the “Treaty of New Echota.” In the chapter called “Resisting Removal” the authors describe the attempts by Georgia Legislation was trying to take 5 million acres from the Cherokees. The Cherokees went to the Supreme Court arguing that Georgia government was being unconstitutional and unjust. In the “Treaty of New Echota” Major Ridge, son John Ridge and other Cherokee members made a treaty saying that the Cherokee nation would move in two years, causing conflict among the people. The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears is authoritative because these authors of the book have written other books on the topic. The book is accurate because Theda Perdue is a professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is a recent winner of the Guggenheim Fellowship. She has written Cherokee Women and Sifters. Michael Green is a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He teaches American Studies and history. Michael Green has written The Politics of Indian Removal. The quality of this source is correct because both of the authors teach History and American History. The author’s standpoint is that the Indian tribes were forced out by the Indian Removal Act. The writing is very easy to understand and to pick out notes. The information in this book is similar to other information I have found.
U.S. Congress, "Indian Removal Act(1830), http://www.fofweb.com. (accessed July 28, 2008). This primary source talks about the Indian Removal Act. It talks about how President Andrew Jackson proposed a policy to allow the white settlers to move more in the southeast forcing the Native American tribes to go west. Then the Southeastern Cherokee tribe brought the case to court and won to only have Andrew Jackson ignore the fact of the rule. He wanted the Supreme Court Marshall to do something about it and to enforce it. Also gives sections of the removal act about what the Native Americans must do.
This is a good source because first it tells me a little background information and then it tells me some of the key points in the removal act. This is an accurate source because it is a primary source, and this is just a copy of it no changes have been made but they have only taken the key points. The source is in good quality easy to read just taking the key points in the Removal Act. The U.S. congress qualifications is that the people get to choose who gets elected senator and who then gets to go to congress. It is very easy to understand the terms that are being given.
Wilkins,Thurman. Cherokee Tragedy: The Story of the Ridge Family and of the Decimation of a People. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1970.
In the Cherokee Tragedy: The Story of the Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People by Thurman Wilkins the chapter that was used was The New Echota Treaty. It talked about how people that supported John Ross would attack supporters of the Ridge side. In fact people were murdered by being stabbed after a frolic supporting what the Ridges were doing for the Cherokee Nation. Some were killed right after speaking and one person named Hammer was viciously beaten to death.
This source was a somewhat good source, but it did seem like it was kind of boring it was just a bunch of events. It also gives some letters or little excerpts found talking about the specific topic such as the letter for protection sent to the Georgia Government from John Ridge. This source is accurate because it takes documents and takes pieces of it and has it published. The quality of the source is good because the author took the time to find the documents and read them and pick out the important information. Point of view here is that he is focusing on the two Ridges, Major Ridge and John Ridge. The qualifications the author has is that he is a teacher at the Queens College in New York City, and has written other books. Mr. Wilkins writing style seems very dull doesn’t really keep you hooked on but instead just allows your mind to wander freely. This book seems like a better source but at the same time not a good source. The book called the Cherokee Nation and the Trail of tears does not go in a lot of depth on the treaty while this book does it goes onto the bad things that happened and tells you the whole story not just the good things that happened but the bad things that happened.
Focus Question:
To what extent did political tensions among Major Ridge, John Ross, and President Jackson affect the Cherokee Nation struggle against removal?
Final Project link
Annotated Bibliography:
Bowes, John P. “The Treaty of New Echota and the Aftermath” Trail of Tears (2007): http://www.americanindainhistoryonline.com (date accessed July 24 2008) “Treaty of New Echota and the Aftermath” by John P. Bowes talks about one of the people that signed the treaty. He was the editor of the Cherokee paper which expressed its opinion on the tribes future. It describes one controversial agreement that created a division within the Cherokee Nation. Before the Indian Removal Act in the first and second decade of the 1800s those who supported relocation had already relocated themselves to the Arkansas Territory. When making the treaty people accused other people of not being pure Cherokee. When the treaty was ratified the people who signed it were not allowed because they were no longer in office no longer having any control.
This electronic source helped me with find more information of the treaty that made the Cherokee have to leave Georgia and other parts in the southeast to go to the Okalahoma Territory. The information that is talked about comes from other books and is included in this source. The author has taken the time to go through many different sources to write about the New Echota Treaty. The author’s standpoint is that he wants his people to rise from their ashes to become prosperous and happy again. The authors qualifications are that he knows what he is talking about because he is gathering his information from other sources. Information that I have found on the New Echota has similar information on the same thing as other information I have found in other sources but just goes into a little more detail.
Jack Leustig 500 Nations Producer Roberta Grossman. Tig Productions presents in association with RCS Films & TV and Majestic Films and Television International The segment that I watched talked about how the English tried to change the Indians and to follow the English way. It talked about how there was a gold rush in Georgia and people would illegally cross the border just for the gold and the U.S. government did not even stop them. Also talked about how Creek. Choctaw, Seminole, Chickasaw and the Cherokee were all forced out. Also when the deadline came up after the 2 years were up 16,000 Cherokee were brought into stockades where lots of Native Americans died.
This movie was a good source because it gives you a visual and gives a lot of information really quick. The information is accurate because I can cross-reference it and the information matches up with the other information that I have read. The quality of the source is good because they have taken ancestors from the trail of tears and they talked about it. Also what makes the quality good is that it includes important quotes. The authors point of view here is that the five major nations in the southeast were moved wrongfully. All of the information that I have found in this one source has checked out with my other sources even though it just gives the background and a little detail of the trail of tears.
Moulton, Gary E. "Major Ridge." 2000.http://www.anb.org (accessed July 24, 2008).
This source talks about where Major Ridge was born and what he did when he had children. He sent his children to an English missionary school to learn the English way. The article talks about how Major Ridge and other members signed the New Echota Treaty. The articles also talks about how they rose up against the Cherokee council and went to Washington and signed the treaty and then were later assassinated in 1839.
This source was easy only because it just gave the brief background of Major Ridge does not go into deep detail of his life. This is an accurate source because it tells you the different places where it got the information. This is a good quality source because it tells where the papers of Major Ridge are being held. Meaning if you wanted to look at them you could go to these places. The author is qualified because he takes the information from other sources and gives a brief summary of Major Ridge but gives credit to the sources used. The author’s clarity is very easy to read not many big words meaning words that you don’t understand and would have to take a dictionary out and look up the definition.
Perdue, Theda, and Michael D. Green. The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears. New York: Penguin Books, 2007.
In The Cherokee Nation and The Trail of Tears by Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green. The book contains two chapters titled Resisting Removal and the “Treaty of New Echota.” In the chapter called “Resisting Removal” the authors describe the attempts by Georgia Legislation was trying to take 5 million acres from the Cherokees. The Cherokees went to the Supreme Court arguing that Georgia government was being unconstitutional and unjust. In the “Treaty of New Echota” Major Ridge, son John Ridge and other Cherokee members made a treaty saying that the Cherokee nation would move in two years, causing conflict among the people.
The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears is authoritative because these authors of the book have written other books on the topic. The book is accurate because Theda Perdue is a professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is a recent winner of the Guggenheim Fellowship. She has written Cherokee Women and Sifters. Michael Green is a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He teaches American Studies and history. Michael Green has written The Politics of Indian Removal. The quality of this source is correct because both of the authors teach History and American History. The author’s standpoint is that the Indian tribes were forced out by the Indian Removal Act. The writing is very easy to understand and to pick out notes. The information in this book is similar to other information I have found.
U.S. Congress, "Indian Removal Act(1830), http://www.fofweb.com. (accessed July 28, 2008). This primary source talks about the Indian Removal Act. It talks about how President Andrew Jackson proposed a policy to allow the white settlers to move more in the southeast forcing the Native American tribes to go west. Then the Southeastern Cherokee tribe brought the case to court and won to only have Andrew Jackson ignore the fact of the rule. He wanted the Supreme Court Marshall to do something about it and to enforce it. Also gives sections of the removal act about what the Native Americans must do.
This is a good source because first it tells me a little background information and then it tells me some of the key points in the removal act. This is an accurate source because it is a primary source, and this is just a copy of it no changes have been made but they have only taken the key points. The source is in good quality easy to read just taking the key points in the Removal Act. The U.S. congress qualifications is that the people get to choose who gets elected senator and who then gets to go to congress. It is very easy to understand the terms that are being given.
Wilkins,Thurman. Cherokee Tragedy: The Story of the Ridge Family and of the Decimation of a People. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1970.
In the Cherokee Tragedy: The Story of the Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People by Thurman Wilkins the chapter that was used was The New Echota Treaty. It talked about how people that supported John Ross would attack supporters of the Ridge side. In fact people were murdered by being stabbed after a frolic supporting what the Ridges were doing for the Cherokee Nation. Some were killed right after speaking and one person named Hammer was viciously beaten to death.
This source was a somewhat good source, but it did seem like it was kind of boring it was just a bunch of events. It also gives some letters or little excerpts found talking about the specific topic such as the letter for protection sent to the Georgia Government from John Ridge. This source is accurate because it takes documents and takes pieces of it and has it published. The quality of the source is good because the author took the time to find the documents and read them and pick out the important information. Point of view here is that he is focusing on the two Ridges, Major Ridge and John Ridge. The qualifications the author has is that he is a teacher at the Queens College in New York City, and has written other books. Mr. Wilkins writing style seems very dull doesn’t really keep you hooked on but instead just allows your mind to wander freely. This book seems like a better source but at the same time not a good source. The book called the Cherokee Nation and the Trail of tears does not go in a lot of depth on the treaty while this book does it goes onto the bad things that happened and tells you the whole story not just the good things that happened but the bad things that happened.
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